Imirasire y'izuba ni umuyagankuba wa elegitoroniki, ugabanijwemo urumuri rugaragara n'umucyo utagaragara. Umucyo ugaragara bivuga ibyo ijisho ryonyine rishobora kubona, nk'urumuri rw'umukororombya w'amabara arindwi y'umutuku, orange, umuhondo, icyatsi, ubururu, indigo, na violet ku zuba; urumuri rutagaragara rwerekeza kubidashobora kubonwa nijisho ryonyine, nka ultraviolet, infragre, nibindi. Imirasire yizuba dusanzwe tubona nijisho ryera. Byemejwe ko urumuri rwizuba rwera rugizwe namabara arindwi yumucyo ugaragara nimirasire itagaragara ya ultraviolet, X-imirasire, α, β, γ, imirasire yimirasire, microwave hamwe numurongo wogukwirakwiza. Buri tsinda ryumucyo wizuba rifite imikorere itandukanye nibintu bifatika. Noneho bakundwa basomyi, nyamuneka kurikira umwanditsi kugirango uvuge urumuri ultraviolet.
Ukurikije ingaruka zitandukanye zishingiye ku binyabuzima, imirasire ya ultraviolet igabanijwemo imirongo ine ukurikije uburebure bw’umuraba: UVA ndende-ndende, UVB yo hagati, UVC ngufi, na UVum vacuum UVD. Uburebure burebure, nubushobozi bwo gucengera.
Umuhengeri muremure UVA, ufite uburebure bwa 320 kugeza 400 nm, nanone witwa urumuri rurerure rwijimye ultraviolet. Ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kwinjira kandi irashobora kwinjira mu kirahure ndetse na metero 9 z'amazi; ibaho umwaka wose, uko yaba ari ibicu cyangwa izuba, amanywa cyangwa nijoro.
Kurenga 95% by'imirasire ya ultraviolet uruhu rwacu ruhura na buri munsi ni UVA. UVA irashobora kwinjira muri epidermis ikanatera dermis, igatera kwangirika gukabije kwa kolagen na elastine muruhu. Byongeye kandi, selile dermal zifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda, bityo umubare muto cyane wa UVA urashobora kwangiza byinshi. Igihe kirenze, ibibazo nko kugabanuka kwuruhu, iminkanyari, no kugaragara kwa capillaries bibaho.
Muri icyo gihe, irashobora gukora tyrosinase, iganisha kuri melanin ako kanya no gushya kwa melanin nshya, bigatuma uruhu rwijimye kandi rukabura urumuri. UVA irashobora gutera kwangirika igihe kirekire, karande kandi kirambye no gusaza imburagihe kuruhu, bityo nanone bita imirasire yubusaza. Kubwibyo, UVA nuburebure bwumurongo wangiza cyane uruhu.
Ibintu byose bifite impande ebyiri. Urebye ukundi, UVA ifite ingaruka nziza. Imirasire ya UVA ultraviolet ifite uburebure bwa 360nm ihuye na Phototaxis yo gusubiza umurongo w’udukoko kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mu gukora imitego y’udukoko. Imirasire ya UVA ultraviolet ifite uburebure bwa 300-420nm irashobora kunyura mumatara yihariye yikirahure yacagaguye rwose urumuri rugaragara, kandi rukamurika gusa urumuri-ultraviolet rwagati kuri 365nm. Irashobora gukoreshwa mukumenyekanisha amabuye, gushushanya ibyiciro, kugenzura inoti hamwe nahandi.
Hagati ya UVB yo hagati, uburebure bwa 275 ~ 320nm, bizwi kandi nka erythema yo hagati ya ultraviolet. Ugereranije no kwinjira kwa UVA, bifatwa nkibisanzwe. Uburebure bwayo bugufi buzakirwa nikirahure kibonerana. Ibyinshi mu mucyo wo hagati wa ultraviolet urumuri ruri mu zuba ryinjizwa na ozone. Gusa munsi ya 2% irashobora kugera hejuru yisi. Bizaba bikomeye cyane mu cyi na nyuma ya saa sita.
Kimwe na UVA, izanahindura okiside ya lipide irinda epidermis, yumisha uruhu; ikindi, izerekana acide nucleic na proteyine muri selile epidermal, itera ibimenyetso nka dermatite ikaze (ni ukuvuga izuba), kandi uruhu ruzahinduka umutuku. , ububabare. Mu bihe bikomeye, nko kumara izuba igihe kirekire, birashobora gutera kanseri y'uruhu byoroshye. Byongeye kandi, kwangirika kwigihe kirekire kuva UVB birashobora kandi gutera ihinduka rya melanocytes, bigatera ibibara izuba bigoye kuvaho.
Ariko, abantu bavumbuye mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi ko UVB nayo ari ingirakamaro. Amatara yubuzima bwa Ultraviolet namatara yikura ryibihingwa bikozwe mubirahuri bidasanzwe byijimye byijimye (bidatanga urumuri munsi ya 254nm) na fosifore bifite agaciro keza hafi 300nm.
UVC ngufi, ifite uburebure bwa 200 ~ 275nm, nanone yitwa urumuri rugufi rutera urumuri ultraviolet. Ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gucengera kandi ntishobora kwinjira mubirahuri byinshi na plastiki. Ndetse agapapuro gato cyane karashobora kugihagarika. Imirasire ngufi ya ultraviolet ikubiyemo urumuri rw'izuba hafi ya yose yakiriwe neza na ozone mbere yo kugera kubutaka.
Nubwo UVC muri kamere yakirwa na ozone mbere yo kugera ku butaka, ingaruka zayo ku ruhu ntizihagije, ariko imirasire ngufi ya ultraviolet ntishobora kurasa mu buryo butaziguye umubiri w'umuntu. Niba bigaragaye neza, uruhu ruzatwikwa mugihe gito, kandi igihe kirekire cyangwa imbaraga nyinshi zishobora gutera kanseri yuruhu.
Ingaruka z'imirasire ya ultraviolet mumatsinda ya UVC ni nini cyane. Kurugero: Amatara ya germicidal UV asohora UVC imirasire ngufi ya ultraviolet. UV ngufi ikoreshwa cyane mubitaro, sisitemu zo guhumeka, akabati yangiza, ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi, amasoko yo kunywa, inganda zitunganya imyanda, ibidengeri byo koga, gutunganya ibiryo n'ibinyobwa n'ibikoresho byo gupakira, inganda zibiribwa, inganda zo kwisiga, uruganda rukora amata, inzoga, uruganda rwibinyobwa, Uturere nkimigati nicyumba cyo kubikamo imbeho.
Muri make, ibyiza byumucyo ultraviolet ni: 1. Kwanduza no kuboneza urubyaro; 2. Guteza imbere amagufwa; 3. Nibyiza kumabara yamaraso; 4. Rimwe na rimwe, irashobora kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe z'uruhu; 5. Irashobora guteza imbere metabolism minerval no gukora vitamine D mumubiri; 6., guteza imbere imikurire yibihingwa, nibindi.
Ingaruka z'imirasire ya ultraviolet ni: 1. Guhura neza bizatera gusaza uruhu n'iminkanyari; 2. Ibibara byuruhu; 3. Dermatitis; 4. Kumara igihe kinini kandi byinshi byerekanwa bitaziguye bishobora gutera kanseri y'uruhu.
Nigute wakwirinda kwangirika kwimirasire ya UVC ultraviolet kumubiri wumuntu? Kubera ko imirasire ya UVC ultraviolet ifite intege nke cyane, irashobora guhagarikwa rwose nikirahuri gisanzwe kibonerana, imyenda, plastike, ivumbi, nibindi. Kubwibyo, nukwambara ibirahure (niba udafite ibirahure, irinde kureba neza itara rya UV) kandi gupfuka uruhu rwawe rwerekanwe imyenda ishoboka, urashobora kurinda amaso yawe nuruhu rwa UV
Twabibutsa ko guhura nigihe gito nimirasire ya ultraviolet ari nko guhura nizuba ryinshi. Ntabwo byangiza umubiri wumuntu ariko ni ingirakamaro. Imirasire ya UVB ultraviolet irashobora guteza imbere imyunyu ngugu no gukora vitamine D mu mubiri.
Hanyuma, vacuum wave UVD ifite uburebure bwa 100-200nm, ishobora gukwirakwira gusa muri vacuum kandi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwinjira. Irashobora guhumeka umwuka wa ogisijeni mu kirere muri ozone, bita umurongo wa ozone, utabaho mu bidukikije kamere abantu batuyemo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-22-2024