Kuva OMS yatangaza ku mugaragaro COVID-19 ku isi ku ya 11 Werurwe 2020, ibihugu byo ku isi byose byafashe umwanzuro ko kwanduza indwara ari wo murongo wa mbere wo kwirinda icyorezo. Ibigo byinshi byubushakashatsi bwa siyanse byashishikajwe cyane no kwanduza ultraviolet (UV) itara ryangiza: ubu buhanga bwo kwanduza indwara bukenera intoki nkeya, ntibwongera imbaraga za bagiteri, kandi burashobora gukorwa kure nta bantu bahari. Kugenzura no gukoresha ubwenge birakwiriye cyane cyane ahantu hafunze abantu benshi hamwe nubucucike bwabantu benshi, igihe kirekire cyo gutura hamwe n’aho bishoboka kwandura. Byahindutse inzira nyamukuru yo gukumira icyorezo, kuboneza urubyaro no kwanduza. Kugirango tuvuge ku nkomoko ya ultraviolet sterilisation hamwe n’amatara yangiza, tugomba gutangira buhoro buhoro kuvumbura urumuri "ultraviolet".
Imirasire ya Ultraviolet ni urumuri hamwe na 750THz kugeza 30PHz kumurasire yizuba, bihuye nuburebure bwa 400nm kugeza 10nm muri vacuum. Itara rya Ultraviolet rifite inshuro nyinshi kurenza urumuri rugaragara kandi ntirushobora kugaragara nijisho ryonyine. Kera cyane, abantu ntibari bazi ko ibaho.
Ritter （Johann Wilhelm Ritter， (1776 ～ 1810）
Nyuma y’umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’Ubwongereza Herschel yavumbuye imirasire y’ubushyuhe itagaragara, imirasire y’imirasire, mu 1800, yubahiriza igitekerezo cya fiziki ko "ibintu bifite uburinganire bw’inzego ebyiri", umuhanga mu bya fiziki n’umudage witwa Johann Wilhelm Ritter, (1776-1810), wavumbuwe mu 1801 ko hari urumuri rutagaragara rurenze violet iherezo ryibintu bigaragara. Yavumbuye ko igice kiri hanze yumucyo wizuba cyumucyo wizuba gishobora gukangurira firime zifotora zirimo bromide ya feza, bityo akavumbura ko hari urumuri ultraviolet. Kubwibyo, Ritter azwi kandi nka se wumucyo ultraviolet.
Imirasire ya Ultraviolet irashobora kugabanywa muri UVA (uburebure bwa 400nm kugeza kuri 320nm, inshuro nke na ndende ndende), UVB (uburebure bwumuraba 320nm kugeza 280nm, inshuro ziciriritse hamwe nu muhengeri wo hagati), UVC (uburebure bwa 280nm kugeza 100nm, inshuro nyinshi nu muhengeri mugufi), EUV ( 100nm kugeza 10nm, ultra high frequency) 4 ubwoko.
Mu 1877, Downs na Blunt batangaje ku nshuro yabo ya mbere ko imirasire y'izuba ishobora kwica bagiteri mu bitangazamakuru by’umuco, ari nayo yafunguye umuryango w'ubushakashatsi no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kwanduza ultraviolet no kwanduza indwara. Mu 1878, abantu bavumbuye ko imirasire ya ultraviolet mumirasire yizuba igira ingaruka mbi kandi yangiza. Mu 1901 na 1906, abantu bahimbye arc ya mercure, isoko yumucyo ultraviolet, hamwe namatara ya quartz afite uburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza ultraviolet.
Mu 1960, uburyo bwa ultraviolet sterilisation na disinfection bwabanje kwemezwa. Ku ruhande rumwe, iyo mikorobe zishushe n’umucyo ultraviolet, aside deoxyribonucleic aside (ADN) mu ngirabuzimafatizo ikurura ingufu za fotone ultraviolet, kandi impeta ya cyclobutyl ikora dimer hagati y amatsinda abiri ya thymine yegeranye mumurongo umwe wa molekile ya ADN. (thymine dimer). Iyo dimer imaze gushingwa, imiterere ya helix ya ADN igira ingaruka, synthesis ya RNA primers izahagarara kuri dimer, kandi imirimo yo kwigana no kwandukura ADN irabangamiwe. Ku rundi ruhande, radicals yubuntu irashobora kubyara mugihe cya ultraviolet irrasiyoya, bigatera kwifotoza, bityo bikabuza mikorobe kwororoka no kubyara. Ingirabuzimafatizo zumva cyane fotone ya ultraviolet mumirongo yumurambararo hafi ya 220nm na 260nm, kandi irashobora kwinjiza neza ingufu za fotone muri iyo mitwe yombi, bityo ikabuza ADN kwigana. Imirasire myinshi ya ultraviolet ifite uburebure bwa 200nm cyangwa ngufi iba yinjiye mu kirere, bityo biragoye gukwirakwira intera ndende. Kubwibyo, imirasire yingenzi ya ultraviolet yumurambararo wa sterilisation yibanze hagati ya 200nm na 300nm. Nyamara, imirasire ya ultraviolet yakiriwe munsi ya 200nm izabora molekile ya ogisijeni mu kirere kandi ikabyara ozone, nayo ikagira uruhare mu guhagarika no kwanduza.
Inzira ya luminescence ibinyujije mu myuka ishimishije ya myuka ya mercure yamenyekanye kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19: imyuka iba ifunze mu muyoboro w'ikirahure, kandi voltage ikoreshwa kuri electrode ebyiri z'icyuma ku mpande zombi z'umuyoboro, bityo bigatuma habaho an "arc y'umucyo" ", bigatuma umwuka urabagirana. Kubera ko icyo gihe ikirahuri cyohereza ultraviolet cyari gito cyane muri kiriya gihe, amasoko y’umucyo ultraviolet ntiyari yabonetse.
Mu 1904, Dr. Richard Küch wa Heraeus mu Budage yakoresheje ikirahuri kitagira bubble, cyera cyane cya quartz kugira ngo akore itara rya mbere rya quartz ultraviolet mercure, Umwimerere Hanau® Höhensonne. Küch rero afatwa nkuwahimbye itara rya ultraviolet ya mercure kandi akaba intangarugero mugukoresha amasoko yumucyo utanga imirasire yabantu mumiti yubuvuzi.
Kuva itara rya mbere rya quartz ultraviolet mercure yagaragaye mu 1904, abantu batangiye kwiga ikoreshwa ryayo murwego rwo kuboneza urubyaro. Mu 1907, amatara ya quartz ultraviolet yatunganijwe yagurishijwe cyane nkumucyo wo kuvura. Mu 1910, i Marseilles, mu Bufaransa, sisitemu yo kwanduza ultraviolet yakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu bikorwa byo gutunganya amazi yo mu mijyi, ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvura buri munsi bwa 200 m3 / d. Ahagana mu 1920, abantu batangiye kwiga ultraviolet mubijyanye no kwanduza ikirere. Mu 1936, abantu batangiye gukoresha tekinoroji ya ultraviolet mu byumba bikoreramo ibitaro. Mu 1937, sisitemu ya ultraviolet sterilisation yakoreshejwe bwa mbere mumashuri kugirango igabanye ikwirakwizwa rya rubella.
Mu myaka ya za 1960 rwagati, abantu batangiye gukoresha tekinoroji ya ultraviolet mu gutunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi. Kuva mu 1965 kugeza 1969, komisiyo ishinzwe umutungo w’amazi muri Ontario muri Kanada yakoze ubushakashatsi n’isuzuma ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryangiza ultraviolet mu gutunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi n'ingaruka zayo ku kwakira amazi. Mu 1975, Noruveje yazanye kwanduza ultraviolet, isimbuza chlorine kwanduza ibicuruzwa. Umubare munini wubushakashatsi bwakozwe hakiri kare ku ikoreshwa rya virusi ya ultraviolet mu gutunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi.
Ibyo byatewe ahanini n’uko abahanga muri icyo gihe bamenye ko chlorine isigaye mu buryo bwo kwanduza indwara ya chlorine yakoreshejwe cyane yangiza amafi n’ibindi binyabuzima mu mubiri w’amazi yakira. , kandi byavumbuwe kandi byemezwa ko uburyo bwo kwanduza imiti nka chlorine yanduza bishobora kubyara kanseri na generite aberration nkibicuruzwa nka trihalomethanes (THMs). Ubu bushakashatsi bwatumye abantu bashaka uburyo bwiza bwo kwanduza. Mu 1982, isosiyete yo muri Kanada yavumbuye uburyo bwa mbere bwo gufungura imiyoboro ya ultraviolet ku isi.
Mu 1998, Bolton yerekanye akamaro k'urumuri ultraviolet mu gusenya protozoa, bityo biteza imbere ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo kwanduza ultraviolet mu buryo bunini bwo kuvura amazi yo mu mijyi. Kurugero, hagati ya 1998 na 1999, uruganda rutanga amazi rwa Vanhakaupunki na Pitkäkoski i Helsinki, muri Finilande, rwaravuguruwe kandi hongerwaho uburyo bwo kwanduza ultraviolet, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kuvura hafi 12,000 m3 / h; EL muri Edmonton, muri Kanada Uruganda rutanga amazi na rwo rwashyizeho ibikoresho byo kwanduza ultraviolet nko mu 2002, bifite ubushobozi bwo kuvura buri munsi bwa 15.000 m3 / h.
Ku ya 25 Nyakanga 2023, Ubushinwa bwatangaje urwego rw’igihugu "Ultraviolet germicidal lamp number GB GB 19258-2003". Izina risanzwe ryicyongereza ni: Ultraviolet itara rya germicidal. Ku ya 5 Ugushyingo 2012, Ubushinwa bwatangaje urwego rw’igihugu "Cold cathode ultraviolet amatara ya germicidal itara nimero isanzwe GB / T 28795-2012". Izina risanzwe ryicyongereza ni: Cold cathode ultraviolet amatara ya germicidal. Ku ya 29 Ukuboza 2022, Ubushinwa bwashyize ahagaragara "Agaciro ntarengwa k’ingufu n’ingufu zingana n’umubare w’umubare wa Ballasti y’amatara yohereza gaze kumurika rusange: GB 17896-2022" igipimo cy’igihugu, izina ry’icyongereza: Indangagaciro ntarengwa zemewe z’ingufu n’ingufu amanota meza ya ballast kumatara asohora gaze kumatara rusange azashyirwa mubikorwa 1 Mutarama 2024.
Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji ya ultraviolet yateye imbere mu buhanga bwizewe, bwizewe, bukora neza kandi bwangiza ibidukikije. Ultraviolet sterilisation ya tekinoroji isimbuza buhoro buhoro uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kwanduza imiti kandi ihinduka ikoranabuhanga ryumye ryangiza. Yakoreshejwe henshi mubice bitandukanye mugihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, nko gutunganya imyanda, gutunganya amazi, guhagarika isi, guhagarika ikirere, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-08-2023